Geologic Publications for Mount Rainier

Microclimates in fumarole ice caves on volcanic edifices: Mount Rainier, Washington, USA

[ back to previous page ]

Author(s): Lee J. Florea, Andreas Pflitsch, Eduardo Cartaya, Christian Stenner

Category: PUBLICATION
Document Type:
Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres
Published Year: 2021
Volume:
Number:
Pages:
DOI Identifier: 10.1029/2020JD033565
ISBN Identifier:
Keywords: time-series analysis wavelet analysis cross correlation glaciovolcanic caves thermal flux

Abstract:
The fumarole ice caves of Mount Rainier in the Cascade Volcanic Arc in Washington, USA, provide unique insight into the dynamic equilibrium between thermal flux of fumaroles on volcanic edifices and snow accumulation on summit glaciers. More than 3.5 km of surveyed cave passage nearly circumnavigate the East Crater, reaching within 19 m of the 4392‐m summit and extending to 144‐m‐depth along the glacier‐crater boundary. The large circum‐crater passage connects entrances on the crater rim to steep transverse passages, and cave morphology is maintained by fumarole gas convection and advection. A melt‐ and condensate‐formed lake, Lake Adélie, occupies a portion of the circum‐crater passage. Hourly data were collected between August 2016 and August 2017 and included the measured temperatures at three fumaroles, the cave air temperature and pressure, the lake water temperature and depth, and the outside temperature and snow depth at Paradise Visitors Center. Time‐series analyses of these data reveal complex associations between synoptic to seasonal weather, fumarole activity, and lake level. On seasonal and longer scales, fumarole temperatures follow independent pathways connected to spatial and temporal changes in volcanic heat flux and the circulation of glacial melt. Major snowfall seals the cave entrances, increasing cave air temperature and pressure from fumarole output and causing rising lake levels from increased melt until entrances reopen. Repeating freeze‐thaw cycles observed in the cave monitoring data are a primary cause of crater mass wasting. Despite these transient variations, the scale and morphology of the caves is preserved over decadal or longer scales.

View Report:
Sorry, no PDF is available - Contact Scott to get a copy

Suggested Citations:
In Text Citation:
Florea and others (2021) or (Florea et al., 2021)

References Citation:
Florea, L.J., A. Pflitsch, E. Cartaya, and C. Stenner, 2021, Microclimates in fumarole ice caves on volcanic edifices: Mount Rainier, Washington, USA: Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres, doi: 10.1029/2020JD033565.